The Islamic Revolution of 1979 marked the rebirth of theocracy in opposition to the rapid military and industrial growth and modernization of the Pahlavi Era. This was not a Revolution in the classic Marxist/Leninist sense of the word, as it was not strictly an expression of class struggle, but one of a population that was enjoying a relatively good material wealth and prosperity, but which was plagued by a rising level of expectation that had been instilled by the same ambitious economic program of the Pahlavi era that had lifted people out of abject poverty in the first place. It was a revolution that undermined the ideas of Communism as it was fueled by religion, backed by the Bazaaris, promoted by the intellectuals and sponsored by the bourgeois owners of the means of production at the time. A precedent had been set.